Rajapushka is an amazing fish, considered a valuable product for consumers. It is used to prepare various dishes that have a low calorie content, due to which it is useful to use fish to people who are on a diet. Rapushka is also called a ripus, kilts. The article discusses the methods of fishing and its breeding in the country.
Appearance and characteristic
The shape of the fish is similar to herring, and if you glance at the vendace briefly, they are simply confused. The vendor is characterized by a body that is strongly compressed laterally. But its distinguishing feature is that the lower jaw is slightly longer than the upper, and has a characteristic notch, into which the thickened end of the jaw is inserted.
The body of the kilz is covered with large scales, the side line is closer to the back, which has a gray-blue color. The sides of the fish are silver, and the belly is white. The dorsal and caudal fins have a gray color, and the rest are made in white.
The size of the ripus is small - the length of the body varies between 15-20 centimeters, sometimes individuals with a length of 35 centimeters are found. As a rule, the weight of vendace is 100-180 grams. Some species of fish reach a mass of 300 grams.
Where does the fish live?
Most of all, ripus likes deep areas where there is a clay or sandy bottom. Fish tries to avoid shallow waters and ponds with warm water. The vendace lives in Finland, Scotland, Scandinavia, Denmark, Germany, Belarus. It feeds on small crustaceans (daphnia, cyclops, etc.).
Ripus prefers to live in cold northern waters. On the territory of Russia, fishermen fish in lakes such as Onega, Ladoga, Chudskoye, Beloye, Pskovskoye, Plescheevo. Sometimes it lives in rivers, as well as the Finnish and Botanical bays of the Baltic Sea.
The worst enemy of fish in vivo is the bobbin, eating young and caviar of this fish. Despite the fact that the kilz is small, the fish is considered a valuable inhabitant for fishing.
Types of vendace
There are several varieties of vendace, the distinguishing features of which are external data, size and height.
Siberian
Rapushka, which the fishermen gave such names as "Ob herring", "saurei". It occurs in the northern regions, stretching from the White Sea to Alaska itself. This is a semi-fish, which is considered a valuable fishery product. With a length of up to 35 centimeters, the average weight of a fish can reach up to 1 kilogram. They consume Siberian vendace fresh, salted and smoked.
European
A large variety found in enclosed waters of Finland and Northern Russia. Very rarely, this subspecies lives in the Finnish and Botanical bays. Most of the individuals inhabit Lake Ladoga, Pskov, Onega, Peipsi lakes.
European vendace is outwardly similar to herring: it has a narrow elongated body, a convex lower jaw. Large flakes are loosely planted on the surface. The back of the fish is distinguished by a gray-blue color, the belly is white, the sides are silver. Fish can reach up to 30 centimeters in length with a weight of about 300 grams.
Pereyaslavskaya
This is a subspecies of the European ripus that lives exclusively in one body of water - Lake Pleshchevo, which is a freshwater enclosed body of water located in the south of the Yaroslavl region. Fish is considered an endangered species, listed in the Red Book. Due to this, it is especially appreciated by anglers.
Prefers to dwell in cool and oxygenated water. The length of the fish can reach up to 35 centimeters in length. The average weight of vendace is about 300 grams.
Belomorskaya
The most common and massive fish. It lives in the rivers of the White Sea basin and lakes of the region. A fisherman can meet her in the rivers that flow into the Barents Sea. Local fishermen call the fish "herring" or "zeldom". The smallest subspecies of vendace.
The White Sea ripus has a narrow, convex in the abdominal part of the body, the back is straight. On a small head are small eyes and an upward mouth. The upper jaw is shorter than the lower. On the body is a large scale, loose fit. The back of the fish is gray-blue in color, the sides are silver, the belly is almost white. The dorsal and caudal fins have a dark color, the rest have a light black hue.
An adult reaches a length of up to 25 centimeters. Most often, specimens of 14-17 centimeters in length are found in catches. The average weight of the fish is 50 grams. Individual individuals can reach a mass of up to 150 grams, but they are rarely found. The White Sea vendace that inhabit the lakes have even less mass.
Diet
The main food throughout the year are small crustaceans. Found in the stomach of individuals daphnia, cyclops, cypris and others. In the daytime, crustaceans are at the bottom, respectively, and the vendace is kept at a depth. At night, prey moves to the coastal zone on sandy shores, and the schools of rips follow it.
In addition to crustaceans, the preferred food for vendace is worms, mollusks and insect larvae. In the summer, it feeds on insects that have fallen in the water. This especially happens during the period when they massively fly out. Then the stomachs of the fish are densely filled with various mayflies and other insects.
Lifestyle and spawning
Rapushka by way of life is not much different from the rest of the whitefish family. You can characterize vendace as a peaceful fish that prefers schooling. Fish feeds on animal feed and slope to move around the water in search of food. Fish growth is slow. It reaches puberty only at 6 years of age. The exception in this case is the Pereyaslovsky variety, in which the process of reproduction occurs already by the age of 2-3 years.
Vendace spawning begins in late autumn. It does not last long and lasts for two weeks. Depending on the year, the end of spawning may occur in early winter. For breeding, the fish gathers in large schools and settles in shallow areas in places where there is a sandy or muddy bottom, preferring underwater hills, slopes and dumps.
Vendace spawning occurs in the dark. In one approach, the female, depending on body weight, is able to spawn from 7 to 15 thousand eggs, about a half millimeter in diameter. Hatching occurs in the spring. Ruffs, perches and other inhabitants of local reservoirs eat a significant portion of eggs.
For the rest of the time, the vendace “walks”, moving through the pond in search of food. Fish are found in large numbers in the near-river sections and in the lower reaches of the rivers. In the beginning of autumn, seasonal migrations take place to the headwaters and lakes - this is done in order to spawn before winter.
How to fish?
Rajapushka is a valuable fish, and fishermen know that hunting for it is a fascinating process. Fishing is carried out on float and bottom tackle; winter and summer mormuscular tackle and vertical lure are also used to catch vendace.
On float gear
Fish are caught only at a great distance from the coast and at great depths. Ducks tend to inhabit the lower layers of water. For fishing, it is permissible to use both a float and a “running donka”. Better to choose rods with "running equipment". It is difficult to call a shy fish, but rough fishing tackle is not recommended.
On winter gear
It is very exciting to catch rips in the winter from ice. The process is possible using nodding fishing rods. Use mormyshki or hooks with a nozzle: clam meat, bloodworms, worms and others.
In summer time
In summer, as in winter, they use nodding gear equipped with flywheel rods with special nods. The creeper is caught on ordinary winter mormyshki: pellet, droplet, ant. It is best to give preference to nozzles of a dark color. Nods and weight of mormyshek is selected based on fishing conditions.
Lures
For the capture of vendace, bait meat is selected as shellfish, invertebrate larvae, including worms, fish fillets, bloodworms. When fishing for spinners, it is recommended to also use pieces of meat.
Breeding and growing vendace
Raising fish in a pond is profitable and cost-effective. But in order to organize a business, an entrepreneur needs to determine the most suitable type of fish, the method of breeding and the features of its maintenance. The profit and benefit of breeding and growing vendace will be obvious if all the details of the business plan are followed.
Pond fish farming: all types
Today, pond fish farming is divided into two main types: warm-water and cold-water. Carapace is a fish that tries to avoid bodies of water with warm water, respectively, the second option is more suitable for it. Regarding the cyclical nature of the process, pond farms are divided into full-system, feeding and fish hatcheries.
A full-system economy provides for the entire cycle of fish growth from fry to adult salable individuals. Feeding farms grow adult fish, and hatcheries grow larvae, fry, and yearlings, and sometimes fish grow up to 2 years. Depending on the duration, firms are divided into farms with one-year, two-year and three-year turnover.
Water bodies for keeping vendace
A developed pond farm provides for the presence of several reservoirs for different needs and seasons. The first and important pond to be located on the farm is spawning. This reservoir has many high requirements regarding the arrangement and maintenance. The pond should be located in an unboggy zone with young vegetation and favorable conditions for reproduction, hatching of eggs and the development of larvae.
In ponds, the supply and flow of water should be fast and independent. Spawning pond should be used exclusively for spawning females.
Next, you need to build a fry pond, where the environment must be nutritious, there are no toxins and parasites that can harm small fish.
After the pond, the fish are released into the growth pond, where individuals are fed, and where the young of the year-olds ripen in the future. For convenience, it is recommended to place the growing ponds near the wintering ones.
Another important factor in any successful fisheries is the availability of a wintering pond. Often, many vendace perishes during the winter. This happens due to lack of oxygen and adverse temperature conditions. The depth of the pond should not be more than 1.5 meters. A water supply source is recommended to be installed nearby in a peat-free zone.
Feeding ponds provide for the cultivation of commercial goods, due to which their dimensions exceed the parameters of others, for vendace requires more freedom. An area of 150 hectares is recommended. Volume should not be done anymore; it is very difficult to control all periods of fish growth and development. The reproduction of small pits is higher due to the creation of better conditions for the development of the feed base.
Beneficial features
Razapushka is a freshwater fish, but its healthy fat contains a large amount of omega-3 acids, this is due to the fact that the small fish prefers to eat not phytoplankton, but the smallest crustaceans, which are found in abundance in northwest lakes.
The benefits of Omega-3 are known to many. First of all, these fats are necessary for the human body to maintain the integrity of the membranes and maintain mental abilities - many adults experience a shortage and deficiency of these substances.
In omega-3 vendace meat, they do not last as long as in marine meat. But modern deep freeze helps to solve this problem. If properly frozen fish, it retains its beneficial properties over time. Among other things, the ripus contains the following substances:
- Protein. It is easily absorbed and digested by the body.
- Vitamin PP He takes an active part in redox reactions throughout the body.
- Histidine. It is an essential acid that promotes cell growth and cell renewal.
Also, fish meat is rich in minerals: sulfur, molybdenum, chlorine, fluorine, zinc, chromium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and others.
Another useful property is that vendace has a low calorie content - only 45-88 calories per 100 grams of product. It also contains a minimum number of bones than other freshwater species: it is unlikely that 1/10 of the species will be typed. Due to this, it is very pleasant to enjoy smoked, salted and dried vendace.
Gastronomic value
Cooking ripus is permissible in a variety of ways. It is valued not only fresh, but also preferred to eat salted or smoked. The vendace in tomato, in the pickled form is considered tasty and popular. Use fish for frying in sour cream sauce.
It is vendace that is the basis of a traditional Finnish dish - a pie made from fresh fried dough. Proper cooking vendace guarantees the receipt of delicious dishes. Before cooking, be sure to wash the fish, remove the skin from it and wait until the water drains. Next, fish is prepared based on personal preferences.
For example, it is very popular to pickle vendace, boiling it for a while, and after it cools, pour dressing from vinegar, bay leaf and finely chopped horseradish, salt. After that, the fish is sprinkled with dill and allspice, dill is added, left for several days. So the fish is soaked in vinegar, then put a load on it and leave for two weeks. Such a dish will become a real decoration of any festive table.
Very tasty fried vendace, as well as ear, prepared on the basis of this fish. There are no contraindications to consumption, the only exception is the presence of allergic reactions to seafood.
Interesting information about fish
There are several interesting facts about vendace. Here are some of them:
- Smoked vendace is depicted on the coat of arms of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.
- The ripus, which lives in Lake Pleshcheyevo, used to be used for cooking dishes that were later served to the royal people. Previously, it was forbidden to fish and sell. If the order was violated, fish catchers were sent to death.
- Rapushka was part of the coronation dinner.
- Ryapushka is considered to be the favorite fish of the Finns, because it is customary for them to fry the fish fillet, roll it in flour, and serving it to people who came to the street festival. Fish is fried in two oils: cream and rep. So the taste of fish improves several times.
Rajapushka is a unique fish that has excellent taste, practically does not contain bones, which is so appreciated by many gourmets. Many delicious dishes are prepared from fish, including fish spreads and even dumplings toppings. Such fish are bred and grown in ponds, and demand for it does not fall.
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